When you are citing a reference, you are providing information about the source of a piece of information or a work that you have used. Here's how you can format a reference in different styles:
APA (American Psychological Association)
Book:
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of book. Publisher.
Example:
Smith, J. (2020). The Psychology of Happiness. Wiley.
Journal Article:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, volume(issue), page range.
Example:
Johnson, L., Smith, M., & Brown, T. (2019). The impact of social media on mental health. Journal of Youth Studies, 22(3), 345-357.
MLA (Modern Language Association)
Book:
Last name, First name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of publication.
Example:
Smith, John. The Art of Living. New York: Penguin, 2018.
Journal Article:
Last name, First name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal, volume(issue), year, page range.
Example:
Johnson, Lisa. "The Role of Literature in Society." Journal of Literature, 5(2), 2019, pp. 78-89.
Chicago Manual of Style
Book:
Last name, First name. Title of Book. City: Publisher, Year of publication.
Example:
Smith, John. The Art of Living. New York: Penguin, 2018.
Journal Article:
Last name, First name. "Title of Article." Journal Name, volume(issue), year, page range.
Example:
Johnson, Lisa. "The Role of Literature in Society." Journal of Literature, vol. 5, no. 2, 2019, pp. 78-89.
Harvard Style
Book:
Author(s). (Year). Title of book. Publisher.
Example:
Smith, J. (2020). The Psychology of Happiness. Wiley.
Journal Article:
Author(s). (Year). 'Title of article'. Journal Name, volume(issue), page range.
Example:
Johnson, L., Smith, M., & Brown, T. (2019). The impact of social media on mental health. Journal of Youth Studies, 22(3), 345-357.
APA In-text Citation
To cite a source within your text, you would use an in-text citation:
Example:
Smith (2020) argues that...
MLA In-text Citation
Example:
According to Smith (2020),...
Chicago Manual of Style In-text Citation
Example:
Smith (2020) states...
Harvard Style In-text Citation
Example:
Smith (2020) suggests...
When citing sources, always ensure that you follow the specific guidelines provided by your institution or publisher. If you're using a citation management tool like EndNote, Zotero, or Mendeley, it can automate the process of generating and formatting your references.
